Diesel Production By Feedstock

Diesel Making 

By 

Vegetable Oil And Animal Fat

Introduction :

This process is as same as Preparation of Diesel by Fatty Acid or Triglycerides by doing its reaction with Methanol in the presences of Catalyst . 

But to obtained Diesel by from different kind of Feedstock we have to do same as ( Diesel Preparation By Chemical Process  ) but we use Vegetable oil & Animal Fat instead of Fatty Acid ( Triglyceride ) .  

Pictorial Explanation :- 

 Vegetable Oil & Animal Fat ( FEED STOCK ) :-

Oil and Fat which we can used to produce Biodiesel we can obtained them from lots of sources , and these sources are divided in to two major types :

1) First Generation  

2) Second Generation .

  

1) First Generation Feed Stock :-

 First Generation consist of Oils and Sugars from arable crops that are cultivated and mostly used for Food and  Feed Production . This is consist of edible (eat able ) and non edible Oil Plant , Starches and Waste Product such as Cooking Oil and Animal Fat .   

Sources and Name Of The Producer Countries Are Given Bellow In This Table :

2) Second Generation Feed Stock :-

We can also say Advance Bio-fuels to Second Generation of feed Stock  , this is made / consist of Lingo Cellulose Bio Mass , with extra potential Yields , But not cultivated on large scale , Another form / raw for Second Generation is ALGAE ( Advanced Feed Stock ) .  

Some Main Categories Of Second Generation :-

PICTURE OF A BIO DIESEL PLANTS :

 UGANDA BIO-DIESEL PLANT FORM ( SUNFLOWER ) :-

This Plant consist of :    

                                                                  1 ) Diesel Engine ( 50 - 60 kW)

                                                                  2 ) Grinding Mill .

                                                                  3 ) Distribution Box ( Mini - Grid ). 

                                                                  4 ) Alternator 10 kVA .

                                                                  5 ) Biodiesel Plant .

                                                                  6 ) Oil Expeller .

* Note : This Plant produce 113 Liter of Sunflower Oil on a use of 90 Liter Fuel ( for Generator ) .

** Net Profit :  23 Liter . 

 Some Pictures of This Plant :

        

 

Diesel Preperation by Chemicals

DIESEL PREPARATION

( A step Towards Alternative Fuel Energy Source )

By

Chemically Preparation of Diesel

Introduction :-

Biodiesel is an alternate of DIESEL and ts production is quite simple and in vehicles it does not need large number of changes we have to change its connection of fuel supply from Normal Diesel to Bio Diesel .

So to over come energy crisis or to reduce Environmental Pollution , we can use it and we can also produce it in a small plants .

Chemically Making Of Diesel :-

In making of Bio Diesel we used some oil made of Acids , Chemicals etc . Firs we take " Fatty-Acid / Triglyceride " its viscosity is to high so that we put it into a process namely " Transesterification " in this process we give a certain amount of heat to the reactant ( Fatty-Acid / Triglyceride ) and Alcohol in the presence of catalyst [ Sodium Hydroxide / Potassium Hydroxide ] , to produce Biodiesel ( Methyl Ester ) and Glycerol .

In this process , when we combined Alcohol with Catalyst , Triglyceride chemically broken with glycerides in the oil being replaced by Alcohol , forming a Fatty Ethyl Ester or Methyl Ester and produce Glycerol and METHYL ESTER as a by product

After process complete the mixture is reclaimed and separated in steps to isolate the Glycerol , Methyl Ester ( Alcohol ) is recycled and Bio Diesel is obtained .

Note :

" R " is a arbitrary " alkyl " that contain 3 Harbon atoms and 7 Hydrogen atoms in single bond .

Picture Presentation Of Chemical Process / Reaction :-

Steps To Obtained or to Make 1 Liter of Diesel :-

1 ) 0.2 Liter / 200 ml of Methanol .

2 ) 8 gr of Potassium Hydroxide [ KOH ] / 3.5 gr of Sodium Hydroxide [ NaOH ] ( Catalyser ) .

3 ) Catalyser dissolved in Alcohol .

4 ) Oil is per-heated at 50 - 60 *C

5 ) Both component are mixed together .

6 ) Before being settle mixture , it is heated at that temperature for 1.5 hours.

Future Working / Research :-

Working on Production of Diesel by Vegetable Oil and Animal Fat .

Methane Or Sui Gas Home Preparation Process

  METHANE (CH4)or Sui Gas

Home Production 

Introduction  :-

As we all are facing the crises of energy in your world , so it is not only the responsibility of Government of the different countries of the world  to fix or solve this problem .

It is the responsibility of every citizen of this world to take some meaning full or small  action , to remove or reduce different kind of energy crises .

 For this cause I have an idea by which we can easily produce Methane ( CH4 )  at our home , This gas is very use full for cooking food at our home .  

STEPS OF MAKING METHANE  AT HOME :-

1 : Get any Kind of  CONTAINER ( like Water Dispenser Bottle or any other  small pvc tank  ) 
2 : in this container add 1/2 Cow MANURE  .
3 : Add some water approx 3/4 .
4 : Add some expired food like expired potato , Eggs , use tee flowers etc to produce Bacteria .
5 : Know seal the container from its cape but there must be a tiny  hole in which pipe is attach .
6 : Use silicon to make air prof or to avoid leakage of  gas .
7 : attach one end of pipe through container  and one end from CAR TYRE TUBE .
8 : Know use another pipe which was attach from  TUBE  to stove
9 : use 3 to 4 wal to control flow of gas .
10 : Approx 40 Hours are required to produce gas .

SAFETY PRECAUTION :- 

1 : Built this plant at open space
2 : Material must be a very good Quality like silicon , Tube , Container and pipe .

  

Pictorial Presentation Of Process :-

 

Natural Mobile Charger

Nature Is A Mobile Charger

Introduction :

It is very good to know that , we can charge our mobile naturally with the help of nature .

Procedure Of Charging Mobile Naturally :

The following procedure helps you to charge your mobile without charger.

You can charge your mobile phone without a charger. You just need a green leaf of peepal tree and after some time your mobile phone does get charged. If your mobile has been discharged and you are in a forest and have no charger on you, do not worry. You Should take two peepal leaves and you will be able to charge your cell phone naturally.
It is very good concept and easy to charge your mobile. You just have to open your mobile battery and connect it with peepal leaf. After that without shaking mobile set, you should set the battery in your mobile set. After some time your mobile would be charged. Residents of Chitrakoot conducted an experiment on this and became successful at their venture. Now many people in jungle or forests charge their cell phone through peepal leaves.

Steps Of Charging  Your Mobile Battery Using Peepal leaf :

1- Open the mobile cover
2- Remove the battery
3- Take two to three fresh leaves of peepal/pipal/ ashwattha tree
4- Make contact of he stub of these leaves on your mobile battery terminal for a minute
5- Clean the mobile battery terminal with soft cloth
6- Place the battery again in your mobile and switch it on
7- Now you can see the result.- If required repeat the process with fresh leaves .

Picture For Example :

 

DIESEL PREPARATION

DIESEL PREPARATION

( A step Towards Alternative Fuel Energy Source )

By

Chemically Preparation of Diesel

Introduction :


Biodiesel is an alternate of DIESEL and ts production is quite simple and in vehicles it does not need large number of changes we have to change its connection of fuel supply from Normal Diesel to Bio Diesel .





So to over come energy crisis or to reduce Environmental Pollution , we can use it and we can also produce it in a small plants .





Chemically Making Of Diesel :


In making of Bio Diesel we used some oil made of Acids , Chemicals etc . Firs we take " Fatty-Acid / Triglyceride " its viscosity is to high so that we put it into a process namely " Transesterification " in this process we give a certain amount of heat to the reactant ( Fatty-Acid / Triglyceride ) and Alcohol in the presence of catalyst [ Sodium Hydroxide / Potassium Hydroxide ] , to produce Biodiesel ( Methyl Ester ) and Glycerol .





In this process , when we combined Alcohol with Catalyst , Triglyceride chemically broken with glycerides in the oil being replaced by Alcohol , forming a Fatty Ethyl Ester or Methyl Ester and produce Glycerol and METHYL ESTER as a by product




After process complete the mixture is reclaimed and separated in steps to isolate the Glycerol , Methyl Ester ( Alcohol ) is recycled and Bio Diesel is obtained .



Note :


" R " is a arbitrary " alkyl " that contain 3 Harbon atoms and 7 Hydrogen atoms in single bond .






Picture Presentation Of Chemical Process / Reaction :

Steps To Obtained or to Make 1 Liter of Diesel :


1 ) 0.2 Liter / 200 ml of Methanol .

2 ) 8 gr of Potassium Hydroxide [ KOH ] / 3.5 gr of Sodium Hydroxide [ NaOH ] ( Catalyser ) .

3 ) Catalyser dissolved in Alcohol .

4 ) Oil is per-heated at 50 - 60 *C

5 ) Both component are mixed together .

6 ) Before being settle mixture , it is heated at that temperature for 1.5 hours.



Future Working / Research :


Working on Production of Diesel by Vegetable Oil and Animal Fat .

FLYING CAR

Flying Car

    Introduction :

In this busy world every one want to move first , and to face and compete the challenges of this word for that cause it is a wish of every one to safe time by any cause . according to  Beau Henderson “  Time is money and money is every thing ”  .  For this reason I am interested or in favor of  “ FLYING  CAR ” car of dream . But this dream now comes true  . If you have approx  $ 279,000.\=

 

   Discussion :

   History :

In 1917  GLEN CRUTISS  the biggest rival of  Wrigh Brothers  (  Made First Plane )  in the history  . Glen was the first who decided and design  a Roadabel  Plane ( Flying Car ) .but they was failed to do so .
            All these inventions was going on from 1917 to till  5-March-2009 . in Mach   2009 Invention and hard working of MIT students,  comes true and they made there first successful test  flight of   TERAFUGIA  . Price of this Flying Car is approx  $ 279,000\= .

   My Research For Flying Car

          Engine :

          According to me  , to fly a car we have to need a a design which did not required space . for take off  and landing for that reason we have to use helicopter  technology that it can take of  vertically it did not required any kind of  long space  for momentum to take off  in short it can be take off with out run way so we can land it or take off it from anywhere and in any kind of smooth surface .
       

·                  To  do  this  we need to calculate who much thrust required to pull up a  car  with passenger  in short we have to  attach or create a machine which can perform work against gravity and  force applied by weight of object .

 

                                                 mf = Machine force / Thrust
Mathematically  :  mf  >  w+gf       w  = weight of car with passenger

                          gf = gravitational force

·        

  Body :

    Its body should be  contain 3 to 4  fans in order  to control its balance  in air  or to make it is a comfortable  flight in any kind of weather  . 

       Saftey :

1  A flying car Should  be more safer  in drying  as compare to modern  luxury automobile .

  2 There must be a Auto pilot system which can control  car in bad weather , from air traffic , 
and provide a complete support  during flight .

3 It should have a parachute backup as well as a system to get landing on water in emergency  .

 Conclusion :

                In the last I must say that this car will opened a new door of  comfort and luxury in our journey  this car will provide us a unique feel of freedom , freedom of time , joy  ,etc covered distances of hours in mint .

                This car is a dream of most of people and now we can full fill our dream , But the cost of this dream is  to high for that car we have to pay approx  $ 279,000\= .

            In this world  Terrafugia transportation is the emerging company which made this car . They were just student of MIT they work on their dream and now they  made it real . 

XBox ONE

Xbox One

REDMOND, Washington — Microsoft on Tuesday unveiled its eagerly awaited new generation Xbox One videogame console, touting it as a home entertainment hub that goes far beyond games.


"Today, we put you at the center of a new generation in the living room," said Don Mattrick, head of Microsoft's interactive entertainment business, unveiling the new version of the popular game console.

The beefed-up hardware is powered by software that allows for instant switching between games, television, and Internet browsing, according to Mattrick. Skype was also integrated for online video calls.



Kinect motion and sound sensing accessories accompanying the consoles will recognize users and respond instantly to commands spoken in more natural language, according to Microsoft executives.



"This is the beginning of a new generation of games and entertainment and a new generation of smart TV," said Microsoft entertainment unit executive Yusuf Mehdi.

 Microsoft played to longtime Xbox fans with glimpses of blockbuster games including "Call of Duty Ghosts" and "FIFA" football being tailored for the new consoles.

A beloved "Halo" science fiction shooter franchise was used to showcase the merging of television and videogame play in Xbox One.

Famed filmmaker Steven Spielberg signed on to produce a live-action "Halo" television series in partnership with gamemaker 343 Studio.

"For me, the 'Halo' universe is an amazing opportunity to be at the intersection where technology and myth-making meet to create something really exciting," Spielberg said in a video snippet played during the press event at Microsoft headquarters in Redmond, Washington.



Xbox One consoles will be released later this year, according to Mattrick, who did not disclose pricing details.

Microsoft has sold some 77 million Xbox 360 consoles since they hit the market in late 2005. Console rival Sony has sold about the same number of PlayStation 3 consoles.

Meanwhile, Nintendo sold nearly 100 million Wii consoles, which became hits due to innovative motion-sensing controls after their debut in 2006. However, demand for Nintendo's recently released Wii U consoles have been disappointing.